Religion Timeline

• c. 4000 BCE
Earliest Egyptian Myths Recorded.
• c. 3500 BCE
First written evidence of religion in Sumerian cuneiform.
• c. 3500 BCE
First written evidence of religion in the world recorded on Sumerian tablets.
• c. 3000 BCE
Hathor, known as Mistress of Dendera, cult center flourishes in the city of Dendera.
• c. 2900 BCE - 2700 BCE
Nergal first appears in Mesopotamian religion as a regional god of Kutha known as Meslamtaea.
• c. 2500 BCE
Osiris as Dying and Reviving God and God of the Dead appears in Pyramid Texts.
• 2100 BCE
First ziggurats in Ur, Eridu, Uruk, and Nippur.
• c. 1500 BCE - 500 BCE
The Vedic Period in India.
• c. 1500 BCE - 1100 BCE
The Rig Veda written, mentioning the god Rudra (Shiva) for the first time.
• c. 1336 BCE
Tutankhamun re-establishes the old religion of Egypt after the death of Akhenaten; cult of Amun resumes.
• c. 1336 BCE - 1327 BCE
Reign of pharaoh Tutankhamun who reverses Akhenaten's policies and restores traditional religion to Egypt.
• 1320 BCE - 1295 BCE
Horemheb rules Egypt, restores the old religion and temples.
• c. 1120 BCE
The Sumerian Enuma Elish (creation story) is written.
• c. 700 BCE
Development of the Charvaka school of philosophy in India.
• c. 700 BCE
Greek poet Hesiod writes his Theogony and Works and Days.
• c. 700 BCE
Indian scholars codify and reinterpret Aryan beliefs to create the Upanishads texts forming the basis of Hinduism.
• 599 BCE - 527 BCE
Traditional dating of the life of Vardhamana, according to Jain tradition.
• 566 BCE - 486 BCE
The life of Siddhartha Gautama according to the Corrected long chronology.
• 563 BCE
Siddhartha Gautama is born in Lumbini (present day Nepal).
• c. 490 BCE - c. 410 BCE
The life of Siddhartha Gautama according to modern scholar consensus.
• c. 6 BCE - c. 30 CE
Life of Jesus Christ.
• 1 CE - 100 CE
Mithraism spreads in the Roman empire.
• c. 1 CE - c. 100 CE
The Mahayana movement begins in India with its belief in bodhisattva - saintly souls who helped the living.
• 42 CE - 62 CE
St. Paul goes on missionary journeys across Asia Minor, Greece, and Rome.
• 64 CE
Unofficial persecution of Christians in Rome.
• c. 65 CE - c. 100 CE
The tales of the life and work of Jesus (gospels) composed.
• c. 75 CE - c. 450 CE
Kushan rule in the Gandhara region, arguably the golden era of the Gandhara civilizationin which art, architecture and the propagation of the Buddhist religion excelled.
• 132 CE
Septuagint (Greek translation of the Bible) composed at Alexandria.
• 224 CE - 240 CE
Reign of Ardashir I, who reformed the Persia by centralizing power, making Zoroastrianism state religion, and rivalling Rome.
• 224 CE
Zoroastrianism becomes Persian state religion under the Sasanian dynasty.
• c. 300 CE - c. 400 CE
Rise of Christianity in Egypt replaces Heka and old religion with new model of belief.
• 313 CE
Roman emperor Constantine I tolerates Christianity.
• c. 314 CE
Armenia adopts Christianity as the state religion.
• 372 CE
A Confucian Academy is established in the Goguryeo kingdom of northern Korea and Buddism is adopted as the state religion.
• 384 CE
Buddhism is adopted as the state religion by the Baekje kingdom of western Korea.
• 391 CE
Christianity becomes official religion of Empire.
• c. 415 CE
Cult of Amun proscribed by the new religion of Christianity. .
• c. 500 CE - c. 600 CE
In India the Tantric expands the number of deities to include helpful demons, contactable through ritual.
• 503 CE
Clovis converts to Christianity.
• 570 CE
Muhammad is born in Mecca.
• 610 CE
Muhammad receives his first revelation on Mount Hira.
• 622 CE
Muhammad undertakes the Hijra (migration) from Mecca to Medina, establishing the start of the Islamic calendar.
• 624 CE
Battle of Badr: Muhammad’s forces win, resulting in a turning point for Islam against the ruling Quraysh tribe.
• 625 CE
Battle of Uhud: Quraysh tribe defeats the Muslims.
• 627 CE
Siege of Bani Qurayzah: Muslims capture the Jewish stronghold and Muhammad approves of the killing of all of the males who had reached puberty, and one female, the rest of whom are sold in exchange for goods.
• 627 CE
Battle of the Trench: Quraysh troops attempt to siege Medina (then called Yathrib), but lose to the Muslim force.
• 628 CE
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah: A peace agreement is signed between Muhammad’s Muslims and the people of Mecca.
• 628 CE
Conquest of Khaybar oasis: Jews barricade themselves in a fort at Khaybar oasis and are allowed to remain living there if they pay the Muslims one third of their produce.
• 629 CE
First Pilgrimage ("lesser" pilgrimage or "umrah") made by Muhammad and his Muslims to Mecca after migrating to Medina.
• 629 CE
Battle of Mu’tah:Muslims attempt to capture the village east of the Jordan River from the Byzantine Empire to show their expanding dominance, resulting in a Muslim defeat.
• 630 CE
Non-violent conquest of Mecca: The Quraysh realize that the Muslims now greatly outnumber them and allow the Muslims to capture their city, Mecca, and rule it as they please.
• 630 CE
Battle of Hunayn: Ending in a decisive victory for the Muslims over the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin.
• 630 CE
Attempted Siege of Ta’if: Muhammad’s forces are initially unable to siege Ta’if and convert its people to Islam.
• 632 CE
“Farewell Hajj Pilgrimage”: This is the only Hajj pilgrimage in which Muhammad participates.
• 632 CE
Muhammad dies in Medina, not clearly naming a successor to lead the Muslim people.
• 632 CE - 634 CE
Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph (successor to Muhammad) of the Rashidun Caliphate.
• 634 CE - 644 CE
'Umar ibn al-Khattab succeeds Abu Bakr, becoming the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
• 644 CE - 656 CE
'Uthman ibn 'Affan succeeds 'Umar to become the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
• c. 650 CE
Realizing several variations in Qur'ans throughout the Islamic Empire, 'Uthman orders the establishment of one "true" Qur'an while destroying the others. Thus, the 'Uthman Qur'an Codex was created and is still the acceptable Qur'an used to this day.
• 656 CE - 661 CE
'Ali ibn Abi Talib succeeds 'Uthman to become the fourth and final caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
• Mar 670 CE
Hasan ibn 'Ali, Shi'a Islam's second imam (his father, 'Ali, being the first imam), is poisoned to death
• Oct 680 CE
Husayn ibn 'Ali, Shi'a Islam's third imam, is beheaded by Yazid I's force at the Battle of Karbala in present-day Iraq.
• 712 CE - 756 CE
Taoism becomes official religion of China under the Emperor Xuanzong.
• 712 CE
The Kojiki is written, a collection of oral myths forming the basis of the Shinto religion.
• 720 CE
The Nihon Shoki is written, a collection of oral myths forming the basis of the Shintoreligion.
• c. 807 CE
Imibe-no-Hironari writes the Kogoshui, a collection of oral myths forming the basis of the Shinto religion.
• 1122 CE
Construction begins of the Hindu temple at Angkor Wat.

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